Mastery-based learning is an approach in which students must demonstrate a defined level of competence on each learning outcome before advancing, rather than moving forward after a fixed period of time.
How it works
Faculty define mastery criteria for each competency or outcome. Students attempt assessments when they believe they are ready. Scores below the threshold result in targeted feedback and further study; scores at or above the threshold allow progression. The LMS or competency platform tracks attempts and mastery status. Transcripts may show a pass or a mastery notation rather than a traditional letter grade.
Example: a student must score 80 percent or higher on a competency assessment to demonstrate mastery. The first attempt yields 65 percent. The student reviews the feedback, completes additional practice, and scores 85 percent on the second attempt. Mastery is recorded and the student advances.
How it differs
Traditional grading allows a student to pass a course with a low average even if some outcomes were never mastered. Competency-based education is the broader program structure that often uses mastery-based assessment. Self-paced refers to timing; mastery-based refers to the achievement standard.
Common errors
Allowing unlimited attempts without feedback or instructional support. Treating a single high-stakes exam as mastery-based when no opportunity for remediation exists. Failing to map mastery demonstrations to credit-hour equivalencies for aid purposes.
References
- 1. Competency-based and mastery-based program modelsDesign principles
- 2. Assessment practices in mastery systemsRepeated attempts until mastery
Mastery-based learning is an approach in which students must demonstrate a defined level of competence on each learning outcome before advancing, rather than moving forward after a fixed period of time.